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| David Evans & Bill Bloxham |
Today is Anzac Day. It is the anniversary of April 25, 1915 when the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, as part of the British Expeditionary Force, landed at Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. Anzac Day, like Veterans’ Day in the US, commemorates the sacrifices Australians made in war but, as a military campaign, Gallipoli was a disaster.
In 1915, Australia was still in its cradle. The loose collection of English colonies that had been growing since 1788 had been granted Federation in 1901 when they joined to become a single nation. There was a widespread belief that England, “the Old Country,” was in some way superior to Australia—indeed, that belief was still rampant when I went to school during the 1940s, and the English version of history was taught as though it were holy writ.
It is probable that Australia’s involvement in the Gallipoli landing completed the birth of the new nation and, although sealed in blood, it saw the beginning of national pride and our unique identity.
The Gallipoli invasion failed for many reasons, the most obvious of which was that the English officers directing the attack landed at the wrong beach. The invading force had to contend, not only with the Turkish defences, but with a hostile terrain that made any advances extremely difficult. The troops stayed and fought from April 25 until December 20. During that time the Australian casualties were 27,000 including 8,706 killed; New Zealand casualties were 7,250 including 2,721 killed.
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| Dad's unit in France. |
My father was an Anzac but, fortunately from my point of view, enlisted too late to go to Gallipoli. He was Private David William Evans, 4593, 5th A.L.T. Mortar Battery.
He embarked on the troop ship Nestor on April 9, 1916—just four days after his 32nd birthday. He never spoke about the war but he was a mortar gunner who fought at Ypres and Passchendaele, among many other places. He was wounded by shrapnel and blinded in one eye by mustard gas. He also had another injury that couldn’t happen in modern warfare. In June 1917 he was kicked by a horse and injured so badly that he was hospitalised for nine days.
Dad had a close friend during the war—an accountant named Bill Bloxham. They shipped out together on the Nestor and stayed close friends until October 7, 1917. Bill went missing in action that day and was never heard from again. Dad kept a photograph of the two of them, on leave in “Blighty”, beside his bed for the rest of his life. He died on November 25, 1955.
There is an interesting side-note to the ill-fated Gallipoli campaign. It was so badly led that there was a cover-up to prevent word getting back to England. It was a young Australian journalist who got the story back to the Australian prime minister who in turn passed it on to England’s PM, David Lloyd George. That led to the dismissal in disgrace of the British commander, Sir Ian Hamilton, who was never again trusted with a senior military command. And why is that interesting? Because the Australian war correspondent who blew the whistle was Keith Murdoch, the father of media baron Rupert Murdoch—about whom you will form your own opinion.
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| HMAT Nestor photographed later in 1916. |